Radio apparatus



gm E

TORSY Md Wbt-(21.7, ATTORNEYS'.

May 24, 1927.

J. J. W, KENAN ET L RADIO APPARATUS Filed March v28. 1925 Patented May 24, 1927.

a *UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE..

JOHN J'. W. RENAN AND WILLIAM M. CADY, 0F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

RADIO APPARATUS.

AppIieation led March 28, 1925. Serial No. 19,022.

This invention relates in general to apparatus used in radio or wireless communication and particularly to radio receiving sets.

As is well known, the atmosphere is composed of gases many of which have metallic and electricity conducting properties and also carry moisture, dust and other foreign matter. The gases also are believedfto become ionized and electronic under various conditions particularly under the heat of the sun. These characteristics of the atmosphere cause eddy current losses, dielectric losses, body capacity, frictional hysteresis and hydroscopic formations in and upon radio and electrical apparatus which destroy the circuit values of the apparatus and skin effects of the conducting parts so that the elicieney of such apparatus is low. Also, the connecting lead Wires of electrical and-radio apparatus when exposed to the atmosphere have electrical capacities and often operate as anteniue in addition to setting up displacement currents, inductive action, etc. As resonance occurs when the inductive re-actance equals the capacitive re-actance, it is ditlicult if not impossible to adjust' the apparatus and maintain resonance due to the additional and irregularly varying capacities produced by said connecting lead Wires.

One object of the invention is to provide novel and improved electrical `or radio apparatus in which. all of the parts which might be detrimentally affected by atmospheric conditions are enclosed within an air-tight evacuated casing or housing, that is', Within a casing wherein there exists a vacuum so as to be protected from atmospheric conditions and so that the, vacuum within said casing produces an equalization between the intercapaeities of such apparatus and the intercapaci-ties of vacuum tubesused in conjunction therewith, whereby the apparat'us will operate with uniformly maximum etliciency.

Other objects are to provide apparatus of this character` in which the connecting lead wires are enclosed or encased within a. vacuous housingor chamber whereby capacitive, antenna and inductive effects of the wires are reduced or eliminated; to provide such apparatus wherein the connecting lead wires are sealed into and project from said housing in predetermined positions whereby of a radio receiving set embodying the invention;

Figure 2 isa transverse vertical sectional view through the same;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a .iodified form of the invention;

Figure 4 is a transverse vertical sectional view through the apparatus illustrated in Figure 3, and

Figure 5 is a composite fragmentary perspective sectional view showing the manner of assembling the two casing sections.

lt is recognized that in electrical apparatus. particularly radio receiving sets or the like, in which there are a plurality of different types of devices connected by a large nuniher of wires, there is a tendency of the wires and apparatus to atleet each other due to the conductive properties of the atmosphere, induction, capacitive qualities of the connecting lead wires, etc. In accordance with the invention, the atmospheric effects upon the connecting wires between various devices of a radio receiving set or the like may be eliminated by enclosing the wires within a vacuous casing. Snell a construction is shown in Figures l and 2 of the drawings in which the reference character indicates a. vacuous casing which may be formed of glass. W'ithin the casing are arranged the circuit wires 96 of a radio .receiving circuit. and the terminals of these wires which are to be connected to the respective circuitcontrolling devices such as the condenser 97. rheostat 98, vacuum tube socket 99, etc., project from and are sealed into the top wall of the. casing at the positions corresponding to the proper positions of the devices 97, 98 and 99. Said devices may be of the types commonly found on the market at the present time, or each of the devices may be enclosed in a vacuous casing. And these devices are arranged upon the top enclosed in a vacuum. Portions of the circuit wires 96 also may project ,from the sides of the casing 95 to serve as terminals 101 for antenna, ground and battery binding posts. With such a construction the capacitive, antenna and inductive eiiects of the wires and all otherv objectionable eiects die?.

produced by the atmosphere and the usual dielectric losses, hysteresis, ionization, hydroscopic conduction, etc., are reduced or eliminated.

Another advantage of this construction is that the circuit wires may be prcarranged with the terminals in the proper relations to the respective devices 97, etc., whereby the connection of said devices in the receiving circuit is greatlysimplified.

The invention is also susceptible of em,- bodiment in a complete radio receiving set, thatis, all parts ofv a' radio receiving set, except those frequently renewable parts such as vacuum tubes, may be enclosed within a vacuous or evacuated casing. Such a construction is schematically illustrated Y in Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings. The casing comprises a base 30 and atop piece or cover 31 sealed thereto in any suitable man- The casing may be evacuated, that is,

. ythe air withdrawn according to known methods such as are used in evacuating electric incandescent lamps. The apparatus, such as the tuning coils\32, condensers, rheostats, ctc... are arranged within the casing and operated by means of magnetic clutches 33 of known construction.- The rear side of the top piece 3l may be formed with a shelf-like projection 35 having a plurality of exterior integral sockets 36 corresponding in number to the vacuum tubes. Within these sockets are mounted by means of cement or the like 37 the usual vacuum tube sockets 3S. The wires for connecting the tube in the radio circuit may be sealed into the casing as indicated at 39 in the known manner. lVtli such an arrangement all of the pars likely to be affected hy atmospheric conditions are wholly enclosed and protected, while parts such as the vacuum tubes which are not affected by atmospheric conditionsl and which must be frequently renewed are readily accessible from outside the casing and can be renewed without in any manner affecting the casing or the other parts of the apparatus.

Any suitable method may be utilized for forming a vacuous casing or housin such as indicated at and 30, 31, but pregerably the housing comprises a base and a. top piece, the base having an upstanding continuous rim ori-ib 27 and the top vpiece having the bottom edge thereof returned as indicated at 26, so as to just it inside vthe rib 27, as clearly shown in Figure 5. The rib 27 and the returned edge 26 are then fused together by means oi' a torch or any other suitable manner.

From the above description, it will be understood that the invention enables the protection of radio apparatus from the effects' of atmospheric conditions, and accordingly losses commonly due to defective dielectric or leakage between the wires or conducting parts, rictional hysteresis, eddy currents, etc. are eliminated.

The vacuous condition within the casing eliminates the gases of the atmosphere, s0 that all conducting paths which may be produced by the atmosphere are eliminated from the apparatus. Also, the intercapacities of the vacuum of the casing will equalize and balance the intercapacities of the vacuum tubes used in radio receiving sets, thereby producing more perfect resonance. Furthermore, deterioration of the apparatus due to action of the elements is prevented.

While we have shown and described the invention embodied in radio receiving sets, it will be understood that the invention is susceptible of use in connection with any type of radio and electrical apparatus in which there are parts likely to be aitected by atmospheric conditions, ionization, defective dielectric, etc. Therefore, we do not desire to be understood as limiting ourselves except as required by the following claims when construed in the light of the prior art.

Having thus described the invention, what we claim is:

l. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a plurality of electric circuit controlling devices, of a vacuous casing, a plurality of electricity conducting wires arranged within said casing and electrically connected to form a predetermined part of au electric circuit to include said circuit controlling devices, certain of said wires having their terminals scaled-into and projecting from the walls ot said casing in predetermined fixed positions to be connected to certain of said electrical circuit controlling devices.

2. Apparatus of the character described, comprising a vacuous casing, a plurality of electric circuit controlling devices mounted on said casing, and a plurality of electricity conducting wires arranged `within said casing and electrically connected in predetermined relation and having terminals sealed into and projecting from the walls4 of said casing in proper relation to be connected to said controlling devices so as to electrically connect said controlling devices 4in a circuit. 3. Radio receiving apparatus comprising a vacuous casing having a p1urality of radio circuit controlling devices arranged upon the top wall thereof, and circuit Wires electrically connected Within said casing and having terminals rojecting from and sealed into said top wal? of the casing in proper 10 positions to be connected to the respective radio circuit controllin devices. JOI-H J. W. KENAN.

WILLIAM M. CADY. 

